Everyone uses an air conditioner. Do you know about air conditioner parts and functions? If not, then keep reading this page, and if you have any queries related to the major part of AC and their working, then you will get the solution to your question by reading this article.
Air conditioners are used by almost everyone. The temperature is so high, that it’s nearly impossible to live without AC units.
Air conditioners are used for domestic purposes as well as commercial purposes.
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There are two types of air conditioners.
- Window air conditioner
- Split air conditioner
Window air conditioner
A window air conditioner has one unit. They are mounted on walls or windows.
Split air conditioner
It has one indoor unit and one outdoor unit. An outdoor unit is installed on the exterior wall, and an indoor unit is installed in the room. The outdoor unit consists of an expansion coil, compressor, condenser coil, and capillary tubes. The indoor unit consists of an air filter, blower, and a cooling coil.
What are the 4 major components of an AC unit?
Compressor unit
It is considered the heart of an air conditioner. It is responsible for compressing the refrigerant. The size of the compressor depends on the size of the air conditioner.
Condenser coil
It is another crucial component of an air conditioner. It takes away heat from the refrigerant and ejects it outside the room. It changes the gas or refrigerant from vapour to liquid. It also has a fan which blows hot air away from it.
Evaporator coil
In split air conditioners, it is found in the indoor unit. It is made from copper, but it is also made up of aluminium and silver. It also has an air filter. It filters out dust and dirt and hence the consumer gets clean air. It is where the heat exchange happens between the refrigerant in the AC unit and the air in the room. The refrigerant which enters the evaporator coil is already cooled, which helps in blowing cool air inside the room.
Expansion Valve
The main function of the expansion valve is to regulate compressed liquid refrigerants. Here, the pressure of the refrigerant is dropped and is also cooled. This cool gas refrigerant goes into the evaporator coil to repeat the process.
Functioning of air conditioning system
First, the compressor starts compressing the refrigerant. This increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. In a compressor, the warm vapour is converted to hot liquid. This liquid now moves to the condenser fan. The refrigerant is cooled down with the help of a fan. With the help of a condenser, heat is ejected outside the environment. Now, the refrigerant enters the extension valve. It expands the refrigerant and converts it to a low-pressure cool gas. This low-pressure cool gas now enters the evaporator coils. It is present in the indoor unit. The coil is cooled. It also takes heat from inside our home. It starts to evaporate to form water vapours. The temperature is lowered, and then the fan circulates cool air from the coil surface for the cooling effect.
Then hot gaseous refrigerant after absorbing heat goes through the compressor to repeat the same process.
Other components used
Thermostat
It is responsible for maintaining the correct temperature. There are smart thermostats through which you can control room temperature through your phone.
Air filters
It prevents dust and dirt from entering the main unit.
Refrigerant
It is the messenger of the air conditioning system. It is responsible for providing cool air. It converts from liquid to gas and gas to liquid in a refrigeration cycle. Some common refrigeration cycles include R-22, R-410A, R-32, etc.
Fan
Its main function is to move the air and blow cool air inside the room. It also blows the heat away.
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